First Arab human genome sequenced
1 October 2008
An international consortium consisting of Saudi Biosciences, Beijing
Genomics Institute Shenzhen, and CLC bio have sequenced and analysed the
first Arab human genome. The sequencing is part of a large project to
sequence 100 Arab human genomes to map the unique genetic variations of
the Arab population.
His Royal Highness Prince Ahmad bin Sultan bin Abdulaziz, Head of the
Board of Directors at Saudi Biosciences, said “This marks the first
milestone in our goal to pioneer the personalized medicine era in the
Arab world, and the next step is to lead a large project to sequence 100
Arab genomes at high resolution no later than the end of 2010. Our
ambitions are to make this project go beyond similar international
efforts, both in terms of quality and quantity”
Dr Saeed Hussain from Saudi Bio Sciences, said, “We are extremely
proud to present the first Arab human genome. This project launches the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in to the small circle of nations who are
currently in the process of building sophisticated databases of human
genetic variation. This database is fundamental in the process of
analyzing and understanding the specific genetic makeup of Arabs, which
in turn will provide key knowledge to improve medical care for this
large group of people.”
Saudi Biosciences launched this project early 2008 and set up the
collaboration with Beijing Genomics Institute and CLC bio. High quality
sequencing of the genome was generated using Illumina’s Genome Analyzer
platform. The data was then assembled and analysed using CLC bio’s CLC
Genomics Workbench.
The results show unique variants of the Arab genome compared to
African, European and Asian genomes. The data is currently confidential
but will be released following publication.
“The fact that Saudi Biosciences have selected CLC bio among all the
potential software providers, emphasizes that we are the world's leading
provider of genomics software solutions. We could think of no better
opportunity to refine our software solutions, than a project like this,
which is truly at the forefront of genomics research. This is indeed a
unique and visionary project that we are excited and proud to be a part
of.” said the Director of Scientific Solutions at CLC bio, Dr Roald
Forsberg.
Impact
One of the most important goals of modern medicine and genetic
research is the goal of tailoring medical care to an individual's needs,
based on information from the individual's genotype or gene expression
profile, so-called personalised medicine. Personalised medicine can
offer huge advances in medical care but can only succeed if the genetic
variation of humans can be accurately mapped.
The advent of a new generation of experimental techniques has given
biomedical researchers the opportunity to map the complete genetic
variation of large numbers of humans via full genome sequencing. The
data produced will provide an unparalleled amount of information that
can be used to distinguish the unique groups within the human race, and
help tailor medical care that targets the specific needs of different
populations and individuals. Personalised medicine is thus on the brink
of a major breakthrough.
However, exisiting projects have aimed at characterizing mainly three
populations — Africans, Europeans and Asians. This means that an
accurate characterization and discovery of genetic variation in the Arab
people can not be immediately expected and that the Arab populations may
receive less of the benefits that will follow the advancement of
personalized medicine.
This is why the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia wanted to start building an
Arab human genomics database now, in order to scientifically explore the
unique genetic composition in the Arab world. The database is
fundamental in the process of analyzing and recognizing the distinct
genetic makeup of Arabs, which in turn can provide knowledge to help
stratify disease status, select between different medications and tailor
their dosage, provide a specific therapy for an individual's disease, or
initiate a preventative measure that is particularly suited to that
patient at the time of administration.
His Royal Highness Prince Ahmad bin Sultan bin Abdulaziz, Head of the
Board of Directors at Saudi Biosciences, said, “The Arab world was never
an active participant in the large international projects in the field
of genomics, and we believe that this should change. Working with an
international collaborator such as Beijing Genomics Institute, an
advanced institute in genomics studies, and CLC bio, the leaders in
bioinformatics solutions with their recently released CLC Genomics
workbench, we plan to participate actively in international efforts
towards understanding the genomics basis of human diseases.”